While the overall prevalence of colorectal cancer has been declining, the colorectal cancer risk in younger adults, those under 50, is on the rise. Colorectal cancer has become the most common cause of cancer death for males under age 50 and the No. 2 cause of cancer death for women in the same age bracket. Someone born from 1981-96 has double the risk of developing colorectal cancer as someone born in 1950.

Certain things about this type of cancer make it terribly important to raise awareness about this trend.

1. Most colorectal cancers begin as polyps, small growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Polyps tend to be noncancerous, or benign, but they sometimes become cancerous. This usually takes many years to occur, and polyps become more common as a person gets older.
2. Colon polyps usually don’t cause any symptoms, so it’s difficult to find them without specific screening and preventive measures, like colonoscopies.
3. When colorectal cancer is found early, before it has spread, patients have a 5-year relative survival rate of about 90%, according to the American Cancer Society. In fact, regular screening can prevent colorectal cancer, because doctors can find and remove polyps before they become cancerous.

With colorectal cancer hitting younger people, the measures that allow for early detection need to be started sooner.

Why colorectal cancer risk in younger adults is rising

The increase in colorectal cancer cases among young adults illustrates the importance of better health education. When more people understand the risk factors for this type of cancer, then greater numbers can make sound decisions about when to start screening. Let’s look at some of the factors at play in the rise in colorectal cancer.

Lifestyle factors

Obesity is one of the most modifiable risk factors contributing to colorectal cancer. A research study shows that as many as 17% of younger adults diagnosed with colorectal cancer are obese, and 50% are overweight. A lack of physical activity and poor dietary choices increase this risk, highlighting the urgent need to make lifestyle changes for better health. Some other lifestyle factors that increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer include smoking, drinking too much alcohol, and eating a diet high in processed meats and fat.

Genetic and environmental factors

Having a personal or family history of colorectal cancer, polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increases the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer. Hereditary variables trigger 10% to 20% of colorectal tumors that manifest early in life.

Delayed diagnosis

Delays in diagnosing colorectal cancer in young individuals are primarily due to a lack of colon cancer awareness and lower screening rates. Many young people are not aware of the symptoms or the need for early screening, which leads to later-stage diagnoses when the cancer is harder to treat. As with any form of cancer, a delayed diagnosis can significantly impact treatment options and outcomes.

Recognizing symptoms of colorectal cancer in younger adults

Many people, especially younger adults, fail to notice the warning signs of colorectal cancer, which include:

• Rectal bleeding
• Blood in your stool
• Changes in bowel habits
• Unexplained weight loss
• Abdominal pain or feeling that your stomach is bloated

It’s common to assume that rectal bleeding comes from hemorrhoids. People might also explain away unexpected changes in bowel habits, such as chronic constipation or diarrhea, as insignificant health issues. Some people attribute unexplained weight loss to stress or other health issues.

Another common symptom is low energy or tiredness. Blood loss might cause anemia, which could explain this. A younger woman might think her menstrual flow is the only cause of chronic anemia, but other possible causes should be considered. People who are young and otherwise healthy should not hesitate to seek medical help if they have any of these symptoms, as early discovery is essential for effective treatment.

Prevention strategies and risk reduction

Preventing colorectal cancer involves understanding your genetic predisposition and following nutrition guidelines to support your overall well-being. Early detection and prevention measures rely heavily on testing, particularly for individuals with a family history.

Lifestyle modifications

Choosing a healthier lifestyle can help reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Good nutrition can go a long way toward improving colon health. Consume more fiber-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, as well as less processed meat and high-fat meals. Because being overweight or inactive increases the risk of cancer, it is critical to exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight. Tobacco cessation and alcohol moderation are additional wellness factors to mitigate the risk of colorectal cancer.

Screening recommendations

Screening recommendations have changed due to the increase in colorectal cancer risk in younger adults. Colorectal screening for average-risk adults should begin at 45 years of age, according to the American Cancer Society. The previous recommendation was 50 years of age.

Regardless of age, a colonoscopy may be necessary for anyone experiencing symptoms such as rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, or unexplained weight loss. People at high risk due to a personal or family history of cancer should get screenings as soon as possible.

Anyone noticing changes in their bowel movements that seem worrisome should undergo a physical exam which should include a digital rectal exam. Rectal exams can often detect suspicious masses in the rectum, but they can’t tell if a lump is malignant. Colonoscopies are strongly recommended for patients whose office exams reveal the presence of blood in their stool, but may also be recommended to evaluate for other causes that may be higher than detected on a digital exam.

The importance of early detection and timely intervention

Screening for early diagnosis and developing individualized treatment strategies can greatly enhance results while efficiently managing adverse effects. The stage and location of the cancer determine the optimal combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted medicines, and other medical procedures for treating colorectal cancer. Early cancers may be treated with only minor procedures, while advanced cancers will need a combination of treatments.

Getting the word out about colorectal cancer is really important, particularly to younger people who might not be getting screened regularly. Reducing risk factors can be as simple as making healthy lifestyle changes like eating well, getting more exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight. Early detection and effective treatment depend on regular tests and checkups beginning at age 45 or earlier if there is a family history. Talk to your doctor about preventative steps and individualized screening choices if you’re under 45 and worried about your risk.

Florida Medical Clinic’s Department of Proctology specializes in colorectal endoscopy, rectal surgery and colorectal diseases. We also offer preventative screening services to help you take control of your health. And, as a part of Orlando Health Digestive Health Institute, we offer best-in-class clinical care including diagnostic and treatment options found only at the most advanced digestive health centers.

We understand that colorectal medical conditions can be a sensitive issue, and we strive to provide our services in an environment that prioritizes privacy and confidentiality for all patients.

Meet Our Colorectal Surgeons

Dr. Williams

 J. Ryan Williams, MD is a board-certified colon and rectal surgeon with Bayfront Health St. Petersburg Medical Group Colorectal Surgery. In addition to his expertise in the specialized care of colon and rectal conditions, he is certified as a console surgeon on da Vinci® Robotic Surgical Systems and performs complex laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgeries.

He was listed in Tampa Magazine as one of the area’s Top Doctors for Colon and Rectal Surgery. Dr. Williams is active in the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, and American College of Surgeons, where he serves on multiple committees nationally.

Dr. Ayscue

Jennifer Ayscue, MD is the Chief of Colorectal Surgery for the west region at Orlando Health Bayfront Hospital. A colorectal surgeon for more than 20 years, she most recently served as the at a Northeastern healthcare system.

Dr. Ayscue is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons and American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, where she serves on national committees. She also is a member of the editorial board for the Journal of Surgical Oncology and has been published in several other medical journals.

Call today at (727) 893-6363 to make an appointment, or request an appointment online.