Cervical Myelopathy

Cervical Myelopathy

Cervical myelopathy is a serious condition that affects the spinal cord in the neck, leading to symptoms that can disrupt movement, sensation, and overall function. This condition usually occurs due to changes in the cervical spine, such as spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal) or herniated discs, which gradually compress the spinal cord. If left untreated, cervical myelopathy can result in permanent nerve damage. That’s why early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent long-term complications.

Types of Cervical Myelopathy

Cervical myelopathy refers broadly to spinal cord compression in the neck. It can develop from various underlying causes, leading to different types or classifications:

• Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: This is the most common type, usually caused by age-related wear and tear on the spine. It can include spinal stenosis, herniated discs, or osteoarthritis, which occur as people age.
• Congenital Cervical Myelopathy: Some are born with a narrow spinal canal, called congenital stenosis. This can cause myelopathy to develop earlier in life.
• Traumatic Cervical Myelopathy: This type occurs when a direct injury or trauma, such as an accident, causes immediate pressure on the spinal cord.
• Rheumatoid Cervical Myelopathy: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that can cause inflammation and damage to the cervical spine, which can pressure the spinal cord.
• Tumor-Related Cervical Myelopathy: Tumors that grow in or near the spinal cord can compress it. This can cause myelopathy symptoms.

Symptoms of Cervical Myelopathy

Cervical myelopathy shows various symptoms, often affecting movement, sensation, and coordination. Common symptoms include:

• Neck Pain, Stiffness, and Reflex Changes: Some may have sore necks that limit movement. Stiffness and changes in reflexes often accompany this. Hyperreflexia (overactive reflexes) can result from spinal cord compression.
• Numbness, Tingling, or Weakness: Patients frequently report numbness or tingling in the arms, hands, and legs. Muscle weakness may make it hard to do daily tasks. It can also affect grip strength and mobility.
• Difficulty with Fine Motor Skills: People may struggle with fine motor skills as cervical myelopathy worsens. This can hinder precise tasks, like buttoning a shirt or writing.
• Balance and Coordination Issues: Unsteadiness and trouble walking can cause clumsiness. This increases the risk of falls and requires caution in movements.
• Bowel or Bladder Dysfunction: Severe cervical myelopathy can disrupt bowel and bladder control. It may cause urgency, incontinence, or difficulty emptying the bladder. This requires prompt medical attention.

Risk Factors

While anyone can develop cervical myelopathy, certain factors increase the risk. Natural changes in the spine occur with aging, but these don’t always lead to myelopathy on their own. Repetitive neck movements, heavy lifting, and high-impact sports can harm the cervical spine. They add strain to the neck. A history of neck injuries or trauma can also contribute to developing the condition later. Also, chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis increase the risk of myelopathy. These conditions cause ongoing inflammation and spinal damage. People born with a naturally narrow spinal canal are at high risk. They may develop cervical myelopathy at a younger age.

Diagnosing Cervical Myelopathy

To diagnose cervical myelopathy, physicians usually follow a combination of steps involving medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests. A physician will first ask about symptoms, including neck pain, numbness, weakness, and coordination issues. They will then perform a physical exam to assess reflexes, muscle strength, and sensation. If cervical myelopathy is suspected, imaging tests are often ordered. These include X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans. These tests provide a detailed view of the spinal cord and surrounding structures. They help identify any compression or damage to the spinal cord, confirming the diagnosis. Early detection is crucial. Timely treatment can prevent nerve damage and improve outcomes.

Treatment Options

For cervical myelopathy, several treatments exist. They depend on the condition’s severity and cause. Common treatment options include:

• Physical Therapy: Custom exercises and stretches can reduce pain and improve strength, flexibility, and neck function. Physical therapy may include specific workouts designed to enhance stability and mobility.
• Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs, pain relievers, or muscle relaxants may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort and manage symptoms. Over-the-counter pain medications can also be beneficial for managing mild pain.
• Cervical Collar: A soft or hard collar can support the neck. It limits movement, reducing strain on the cervical spine during recovery. This can be particularly useful for individuals experiencing severe pain.
• Steroid Injections: These injections can reduce inflammation and relieve pain. They deliver steroids directly to the affected area. This treatment is often used when other methods do not provide sufficient relief.
• Surgery: In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve pressure on the spinal cord. Surgical options may include procedures like anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, or laminectomy. They can help restore normal function.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing cervical myelopathy involves adopting healthy habits and making lifestyle changes to lower the risk of spinal injury. Consider the following prevention strategies:

• Maintain Good Posture: Proper posture while sitting, standing, and lifting can help reduce strain on neck pain and the spine. Ergonomic adjustments to your workstation can also promote better posture.
• Strengthening Exercises: Regular strength training and stretching can improve neck stability and flexibility, lowering the risk of injury. Exercises focusing on core strength can also provide additional support to the spine.
• Ergonomic Workspaces: Setting up a workspace with the right chair height, desk position, and computer screen alignment can help reduce neck strain, especially for those who sit for long hours. Make sure your monitor is at eye level and your chair supports your lower back.
• Avoid Repetitive Movements: Limiting repetitive neck movements and taking regular breaks can help reduce wear and tear on the cervical spine. If your job involves repetitive tasks, incorporate breaks to stretch and move around.
• Wear Protective Gear: Helmets and padding can help prevent neck injuries in high-impact sports. Proper equipment can significantly reduce the risk of trauma to the neck area.

Our Approach to Cervical Myelopathy Care

Cervical myelopathy can significantly impact your quality of life if left untreated. At Florida Medical Clinic Orlando Health, we take a personalized approach to care, focusing on early diagnosis and creating tailored treatment plans to relieve symptoms and prevent further spinal cord damage. Whether through preventive strategies, conservative management, or advanced surgical interventions, our team of specialists is committed to helping you regain function, reduce pain, and improve your overall well-being.

If you suspect you may have cervical myelopathy, don’t wait—contact us today to schedule a thorough evaluation and take the first step toward protecting your spinal health and ensuring the best possible outcomes.

Proudly Serving: Brandon, North Tampa, St. Petersburg, Wesley Chapel, and Zephyrhills.